Using the provided information in the following paper chromatogram,calculate the $R_{f}$ value of $A$ .......... $\times 10^{-1}$.

In the differential extraction method using a separating funnel,two layers are formed. What is the difference in the mixture before shaking the solution and at the end of the process?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: Vapours of the liquid with higher boiling point condense before vapours of the liquid with lower boiling points in fractional distillation.
Statement $II$: The vapours rising up in the fractionating column become richer in high boiling component of the mixture.

What is an eluant?

How is glycerol separated from spent-lye in the soap industry?

Fill in the blanks:
$1$. In differential extraction from two layers,the .......... layer is above because .............
$2$. The organic solvent used in differential extraction is .......... in water.
$3$. If an organic compound is ......... soluble in an organic solvent,then the continuous extraction technique is used.
$4$. ........ solution is added to produce the precipitate of halide for the estimation of halogen.